A long time ago, I posted a class called LateBinder to this site (the previous blog software). I went on to use it rather prodigiously at work, and it also turned out to be a boon to others who visited this site (for example, Victor of FlatRedBall fame). Unfortunately, it did have a few limitations; namely that it didn’t support getting/setting static fields and properties, and it also didn’t work on the xbox360 and zune because the System.Reflection.Emit namespace wasn’t available.
He asked me the other day the feasibility of supporting the static properties, and after a few days of hacking about, I’ve added that, and then some 
The version (below) not only supports static fields and properties, but it also supports the xbox360 and zune platforms. Be warned though, I had to fall back on using simple reflection on the non-windows platforms … so the perf will obviously be slightly slower.
I am fairly proud of how I was able to refactor the code to encapsulate the cross-platform differences. If you look at the LateBindFactory abstract class, it uses a factory method to instantiate the platform-specific version. This way, I was able to keep the pre-processor directives to a minimum, using them only where I needed … and also keeping the same public API for both platforms.
#region Using Statements
#if !XBOX360 && !ZUNE
#define USE_EMIT
#endif
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
#if USE_EMIT
using System.Reflection.Emit;
#endif
#endregion
namespace Scurvy
{
/// <summary>
/// Provides a simple interface to late bind a class.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>The first time you attempt to get or set a property, it will dynamically generate the get and/or set
/// methods and cache them internally. Subsequent gets uses the dynamic methods without having to query the type’s
/// meta data.</remarks>
public sealed class LateBinder<T>
{
#region Fields
private static LateBindFactory factory = LateBindFactory.Create();
private BindingFlags propertyFlags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Static;
private Type mType;
private Dictionary<string, GetHandler> mPropertyGet;
private Dictionary<string, SetHandler> mPropertySet;
private Dictionary<Type, List<string>> mFields;
private T mTarget = default(T);
private static LateBinder<T> _instance;
#endregion
#region Properties
public static LateBinder<T> Instance
{
get { return _instance; }
}
/// <summary>
/// The instance that this binder operates on by default
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>This can be overridden by the caller explicitly passing a target to the indexer</remarks>
public T Target
{
get { return mTarget; }
set { mTarget = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or Sets the supplied property on the contained <seealso cref=”Instance”/>
/// </summary>
/// <exception cref=”InvalidOperationException”>Throws if the contained Instance is null.</exception>
public object this[string propertyName]
{
get
{
//ValidateInstance();
return this[mTarget, propertyName];
}
set
{
//ValidateInstance();
this[mTarget, propertyName] = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or Sets the supplied property on the supplied target
/// </summary>
public object this[T target, string propertyName]
{
get
{
ValidateGetter(ref propertyName);
return mPropertyGet[propertyName](target);
}
set
{
ValidateSetter(ref propertyName);
mPropertySet[propertyName](target, value);
}
}
#endregion
#region Methods
#region Constructors
static LateBinder()
{
_instance = new LateBinder<T>();
}
public LateBinder(T instance)
: this()
{
mTarget = instance;
}
public LateBinder()
{
mType = typeof(T);
mPropertyGet = new Dictionary<string, GetHandler>();
mPropertySet = new Dictionary<string, SetHandler>();
mFields = new Dictionary<Type, List<string>>();
}
#endregion
#endregion
#region Public Accessors
/// <summary>
/// Sets the supplied property on the supplied target
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name=”K”>the type of the value</typeparam>
public void SetProperty<K>(T target, string propertyName, K value)
{
#if !USE_EMIT
// find out if this is a property or field
Type type = typeof(T);
PropertyInfo propertyInfo = type.GetProperty(propertyName);
if (propertyInfo != null)
{
propertyInfo.SetValue(target, value, null);
}
else
{
FieldInfo fieldInfo = type.GetField(propertyName);
if (fieldInfo != null)
{
fieldInfo.SetValue(target, value);
}
else
{
throw new ArgumentException(“Cannot find property or field with the name ” + propertyName);
}
}
#else
ValidateSetter(ref propertyName);
if (mPropertySet.ContainsKey(propertyName))
{
mPropertySet[propertyName](target, value);
}
else
{
// This is probably not a property so see if it is a field.
FieldInfo fieldInfo = mType.GetField(propertyName);
if (fieldInfo == null)
{
string errorMessage =
“LateBinder could not find a field or property by the name of ” + propertyName +
“Check the name of the property to verify if it is correct.”;
throw new System.MemberAccessException(errorMessage);
}
else
{
object[] args = { value };
mType.InvokeMember(propertyName, BindingFlags.SetField, null, target, args);
}
}
#endif
}
public object GetField(T target, ref string propertyName)
{
Binder binder = null;
object[] args = null;
return mType.InvokeMember(
propertyName,
BindingFlags.GetField,
binder,
target,
args
);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the supplied property on the supplied target
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name=”K”>The type of the property being returned</typeparam>
public K GetProperty<K>(T target, ref string propertyName)
{
ValidateGetter(ref propertyName);
return (K)mPropertyGet[propertyName](target);
}
public object GetProperty(T target, ref string propertyName)
{
ValidateGetter(ref propertyName);
return mPropertyGet[propertyName](target);
}
#endregion
#region Private Helpers
private void ValidateInstance()
{
if (mTarget == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(“Instance property must not be null”);
}
}
private void ValidateSetter(ref string propertyName)
{
if (!mPropertySet.ContainsKey(propertyName))
{
PropertyInfo propertyInfo = mType.GetProperty(propertyName, this.propertyFlags);
if (propertyInfo != null)
{
mPropertySet.Add(propertyName, factory.CreateSetHandler(mType, propertyInfo));
}
}
}
private void ValidateGetter(ref string propertyName)
{
if (!mPropertyGet.ContainsKey(propertyName))
{
mPropertyGet.Add(propertyName, factory.CreateGetHandler(mType, mType.GetProperty(propertyName)));
}
}
#endregion
#region Contained Classes
internal delegate object GetHandler(object source);
internal delegate void SetHandler(object source, object value);
internal delegate object InstantiateObjectHandler();
internal abstract class LateBindFactory
{
public LateBindFactory()
{
}
public static LateBindFactory Create()
{
#if USE_EMIT
return new DynamicMethodFactory();
#else
return new ReflectionFactory();
#endif
}
public abstract InstantiateObjectHandler CreateInstantiateObjectHandler(Type type);
public abstract GetHandler CreateGetHandler(Type type, PropertyInfo propertyInfo);
public abstract GetHandler CreateGetHandler(Type type, FieldInfo fieldInfo);
public abstract SetHandler CreateSetHandler(Type type, PropertyInfo propertyInfo);
public abstract SetHandler CreateSetHandler(Type type, FieldInfo fieldInfo);
}
#if USE_EMIT
internal sealed class DynamicMethodFactory : LateBindFactory
{
public DynamicMethodFactory()
{
}
#region Public Methods
public override InstantiateObjectHandler CreateInstantiateObjectHandler(Type type)
{
ConstructorInfo constructorInfo = type.GetConstructor(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new Type[0], null);
if (constructorInfo == null)
{
throw new ApplicationException(string.Format(“The type {0} must declare an empty constructor (the constructor may be private, internal, protected, protected internal, or public).”, type));
}
DynamicMethod dynamicMethod = new DynamicMethod(“InstantiateObject”, MethodAttributes.Static | MethodAttributes.Public, CallingConventions.Standard, typeof(object), null, type, true);
ILGenerator generator = dynamicMethod.GetILGenerator();
generator.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, constructorInfo);
generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
return (InstantiateObjectHandler)dynamicMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(InstantiateObjectHandler));
}
public override GetHandler CreateGetHandler(Type type, PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
{
MethodInfo getMethodInfo = propertyInfo.GetGetMethod(true);
DynamicMethod dynamicGet = CreateGetDynamicMethod(type);
ILGenerator getGenerator = dynamicGet.GetILGenerator();
if (!getMethodInfo.IsStatic)
{
getGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
}
getGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, getMethodInfo);
BoxIfNeeded(getMethodInfo.ReturnType, getGenerator);
getGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
return (GetHandler)dynamicGet.CreateDelegate(typeof(GetHandler));
}
public override GetHandler CreateGetHandler(Type type, FieldInfo fieldInfo)
{
DynamicMethod dynamicGet = CreateGetDynamicMethod(type);
ILGenerator getGenerator = dynamicGet.GetILGenerator();
if (!fieldInfo.IsStatic)
{
getGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
}
getGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldInfo);
BoxIfNeeded(fieldInfo.FieldType, getGenerator);
getGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
return (GetHandler)dynamicGet.CreateDelegate(typeof(GetHandler));
}
public override SetHandler CreateSetHandler(Type type, PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
{
MethodInfo setMethodInfo = propertyInfo.GetSetMethod(true);
DynamicMethod dynamicSet = CreateSetDynamicMethod(type);
ILGenerator setGenerator = dynamicSet.GetILGenerator();
if (!setMethodInfo.IsStatic)
{
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
}
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
UnboxIfNeeded(setMethodInfo.GetParameters()[0].ParameterType, setGenerator);
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, setMethodInfo);
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
return (SetHandler)dynamicSet.CreateDelegate(typeof(SetHandler));
}
public override SetHandler CreateSetHandler(Type type, FieldInfo fieldInfo)
{
DynamicMethod dynamicSet = CreateSetDynamicMethod(type);
ILGenerator setGenerator = dynamicSet.GetILGenerator();
if (!fieldInfo.IsStatic)
{
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
}
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
UnboxIfNeeded(fieldInfo.FieldType, setGenerator);
if (!fieldInfo.IsStatic)
{
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldInfo);
}
else
{
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stsfld, fieldInfo);
}
setGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
return (SetHandler)dynamicSet.CreateDelegate(typeof(SetHandler));
}
#endregion
#region Private Methods
private static DynamicMethod CreateGetDynamicMethod(Type type)
{
return new DynamicMethod(“DynamicGet”, typeof(object), new Type[] { typeof(object) }, type, true);
}
// CreateSetDynamicMethod
private static DynamicMethod CreateSetDynamicMethod(Type type)
{
return new DynamicMethod(“DynamicSet”, typeof(void), new Type[] { typeof(object), typeof(object) }, type, true);
}
// BoxIfNeeded
private static void BoxIfNeeded(Type type, ILGenerator generator)
{
if (type.IsValueType)
{
generator.Emit(OpCodes.Box, type);
}
}
// UnboxIfNeeded
private static void UnboxIfNeeded(Type type, ILGenerator generator)
{
if (type.IsValueType)
{
generator.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, type);
}
}
#endregion
}
#endif
#if !USE_EMIT
internal sealed class ReflectionFactory : LateBindFactory
{
public ReflectionFactory()
{
}
public override InstantiateObjectHandler CreateInstantiateObjectHandler(Type type)
{
return delegate()
{
return Activator.CreateInstance(type);
};
}
public override GetHandler CreateGetHandler(Type type, PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
{
MethodInfo method = propertyInfo.GetGetMethod(true);
return delegate(object source)
{
return method.Invoke(method.IsStatic ? null : source, null);
};
}
public override GetHandler CreateGetHandler(Type type, FieldInfo fieldInfo)
{
return delegate(object source)
{
return fieldInfo.GetValue(fieldInfo.IsStatic ? null : source);
};
}
public override SetHandler CreateSetHandler(Type type, PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
{
MethodInfo method = propertyInfo.GetSetMethod();
return delegate(object source, object value)
{
method.Invoke(method.IsStatic ? null : source, new object[] { value });
};
}
public override SetHandler CreateSetHandler(Type type, FieldInfo fieldInfo)
{
return delegate(object source, object value)
{
fieldInfo.SetValue(fieldInfo.IsStatic ? null : source, value);
};
}
}
#endif
#endregion
}
}
{
m.ChangeState(VisitBankAndDepositGold.Instance);
return;
}
if (m.Fatigue >= 10)
{
m.ChangeState(GoHomeAndSleepTilRested.Instance);
return;
}
if (m.Thirst >= 6)
m.ChangeState(QuenchThirst.Instance);
}
public void Exit(IEntity entity)
{
Console.WriteLine("Leaving the mine");
}
#endregion
}